Ammar Al-Bazi is a Senior Lecturer in Business Information Systems in the Faculty of Engineering, Environment and Computing and an associate member of the Institute of Future Transport and Cities (IFTC) at Coventry University, UK. He holds a Ph.D. in computer simulation and optimisation from Teesside University, UK. His research interests include hybrid simulation modelling, manufacturing and logistics simulation, metaheuristic optimisation algorithms and hybrid intelligent systems.